SQL

SQL, aka Structured Query Language, is a query language created in 1974 by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce.

#5on PLDB

50Years Old

1kRepos

SQL ( ( listen) ESS-kew-EL or ( listen) SEE-kwəl or SKWEEL, Structured Query Language) is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS). In comparison to older read/write APIs like ISAM or VSAM, SQL offers two main advantages: first, it introduced the concept of accessing many records with one single command; and second, it eliminates the need to specify how to reach a record, e.g. with or without an index. Read more on Wikipedia...

SQL Wikipedia page
SQL docs
SQL specs
There are at least 1,222 SQL repos on GitHub
SQL first developed in IBM
PLDB estimates there are currently 220k job openings for SQL programmers.
file extensions for SQL include sql, cql, ddl, inc, mysql, prc, tab, udf and viw
The Google BigQuery Public Dataset GitHub snapshot shows 602 users using SQL in 641 repos on GitHub
There are 124 Project Euler users using SQL
In the 2021 StackOverflow developer survey SQL programmers reported a median salary of $56,228. 47% of respondents reported using SQL. 38,835 programmers reported using SQL, and 26,631 said they wanted to use it
Explore SQL snippets on Rosetta Code
SQL on HOPL
SQL ranks #9 in the TIOBE Index
CodeMirror package for syntax highlighting SQL
Monaco package for syntax highlighting SQL
Pygments supports syntax highlighting for SQL
GitHub supports syntax highlighting for SQL
There is 1 Jupyter Kernel for SQL
Indeed.com has 147,983 matches for "sql developer".
See also: (26 related languages)SQL-92, Datalog, LINQ, PowerShell, C, SQL/PSM, SQLPL, Transact-SQL, MySQL, PL/SQL, Ada, PostgreSQL, PL/pgSQL, Java, Perl, Python, Tcl, JavaScript, XML, XQuery, .QL, ISBL, QUEL, MUMPS, ISBN, DOI

Example from hello-world:

SELECT 'Hello World';

Example from the Hello World Collection:

# Hello World in SQL

SELECT 'Hello World';

Example from Linguist:

--this is the most basic oracle sql command
select * from dual;

SQL Keywords

ADD ALL ALLOCATE ALTER AND ANY ARE AS ASC ASSERTION AT AUTHORIZATION AVG BEGIN BETWEEN BIT BOOLEAN BOTH BY CALL CASCADE CASCADED CASE CAST CHAR CHARACTER CHECK CLOSE COLLATE COLLATION COLUMN COMMIT CONNECT CONNECTION CONSTRAINT CONSTRAINTS CONTINUE CONVERT CORRESPONDING COUNT CREATE CURRENT CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_TIME CURRENT_TIMESTAMP CURRENT_USER CURSOR DEALLOCATE DEC DECIMAL DECLARE DEFERRABLE DEFERRED DELETE DESC DESCRIBE DIAGNOSTICS DISCONNECT DISTINCT DOUBLE DROP ELSE END ENDEXEC ESCAPE EXCEPT EXCEPTION EXEC EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXTERNAL FALSE FETCH FIRST FLOAT FOR FOREIGN FOUND FROM FULL FUNCTION GET GET_CURRENT_CONNECTION GLOBAL GO GOTO GRANT GROUP HAVING HOUR IDENTITY IMMEDIATE IN INDICATOR INITIALLY INNER INOUT INPUT INSENSITIVE INSERT INT INTEGER INTERSECT INTO IS ISOLATION JOIN KEY LAST LEFT LIKE LONGINT LOWER LTRIM MATCH MAX MIN MINUTE NATIONAL NATURAL NCHAR NVARCHAR NEXT NO NOT NULL NULLIF NUMERIC OF ON ONLY OPEN OPTION OR ORDER OUT OUTER OUTPUT OVERLAPS PAD PARTIAL PREPARE PRESERVE PRIMARY PRIOR PRIVILEGES PROCEDURE PUBLIC READ REAL REFERENCES RELATIVE RESTRICT REVOKE RIGHT ROLLBACK ROWS RTRIM SCHEMA SCROLL SECOND SELECT SESSION_USER SET SMALLINT SOME SPACE SQL SQLCODE SQLERROR SQLSTATE SUBSTR SUBSTRING SUM SYSTEM_USER TABLE TEMPORARY TIMEZONE_HOUR TIMEZONE_MINUTE TO TRAILING TRANSACTION TRANSLATE TRANSLATION TRUE UNION UNIQUE UNKNOWN UPDATE UPPER USER USING VALUES VARCHAR VARYING VIEW WHENEVER WHERE WITH WORK WRITE XML XMLEXISTS XMLPARSE XMLSERIALIZE YEAR

Feature	Supported	Token	Example
Fixed Point Numbers	✓
Integers	✓		-- [0-9]+
Booleans	✓	TRUE FALSE
MultiLine Comments	✓	/* */	/* A comment */
Strings	✓	'
Case Insensitive Identifiers	✓
Line Comments	✓	--	-- A comment
Comments	✓
Case Sensitivity	X
Semantic Indentation	X

SQL - Query language

Language features